Energy & Fatigue

Hb/iron ↑

Fatigue ↓

Fatigue↓ Hb↑

Energy↑ Hb↑

Energy↑ Fatigue↓

Heart rate↑ BP↑

Butyrate↑ fatigue↓

SCFAs↑ energy↓

Strength/fatigue power +

Muscle creatine+PCr boosts

Endurance +44-51%

Adrenaline/glycerol up

Alertness/fatigue improved

Hb↑, fatigue↓

Anaemia↓, Hb↑

Glucose↓ Fatigue↓

Satiety↑ Energy↑

Fat absorption/energy loss

Energy +3.6kg/d

Lean mass + insulin

Fat loss + satiety

Energy/fatigue +performance

Hydration/electrolytes

Heart: pump + symptoms

Fatigue: ↓

Fatigue ↓, endurance ↑

Strength ↑, fatigue ↓

Phe↑ fatigue↑ -77%

Phe/Tyr depletion ↓ fatigue

Energy+fatigue: ↑/↓

Fatigue: +/−

Energy/fatigue: +17.2% energy

Sleep: +5.7%

Less fatigue, better vitality

Fatigue↓, alertness↑, sleep↑

Fatigue ↓ +10

Fitness better

Fatigue↓, energy↑

O2/iron support

Mood/vitality↑, fatigue↓

MS fatigue↓ 2-4w

B12 biomarkers↑, anemia↓

Exercise fatigue↓ +26%

Fatigue↓, energy↑

Ketosis/alanine shift

Work capacity↑, fatigue↓

Thyroid suppression, +TSH

Goitre shrinkage, iodine rise

Fatigue ↓

Exercise performance ↑

Fatigue ↓, cognition ↑

Exercise capacity ↑

Riboflavin status, +83%

Fatigue/function, -25 pts

Fatigue ↓, endurance ↑

+3.2 min endurance

Fatigue ↓, cognition ↑

Exercise capacity ↑, fatigue ↓

Biomarkers improved, fatigue ↓

Hb ↑, fatigue ↓

Iron status ↑, fatigue ↓

Alertness + fatigue

Cognition + vigilance

Fatigue↓; NAD+↑

Energy recovery +3.5d

Fatigue↓, sleep↑

Energy/metabolism↓ glucose

Fatigue ↓; energy ↑

~15% VO2 ↓

Fatigue ↓; recovery ↑

Mental fatigue -22.5

Cognition +3.4

GSH↑, fatigue↓

+8-38% recovery

ATP↑, fatigue↓

ATP ↑, fatigue ↓

Energy efficiency ↑

Fuel shift: FFA↓, carbs↑

NAD+ boost: ~2x

NAD+↑, fatigue↓

Exercise tolerance↑, fatigue↓

Malaria↓ anemia↓

+0.6 g/dL Hb

Work/fatigue +19-22%

Dyspnea/walk +50m

Energy intake +793 kcal

Energy: improved recovery

Fatigue: reduced exhaustion

Metabolic/oxidative protection

Mitochondrial +30 copies

Oxidative cost ↓, endurance ↑

Fatigue ↓, cognition ↑

Angina/exercise tolerance ↑

less fatigue, +43.7

better exercise tolerance, -1.0

improved fatigue/energy, +0.8

Energy up; fatigue down

VO2↑, lactate↓

Fatigue ↓, endurance ↑

VO2max/lactate better

Fatigue ↓, appetite ↑

Fatigue ↓, energy ↑

Fatigue/weakness ↓, oxygen ↑

fatigue ↓, +74%

physical function ↑, +11%

Resting energy↑; fatigue↓

HR/BP 0

Intake/gain +

Rumen pH +

Glucose uptake/flow +24–49%

Hemoglobin/iron + GI better

Fatigue -4.4 VAS

Serine↑ / BCAA↓

Hunger↓, GLP-1↑

Less sedation, -

More energy use +

Better performance +2%

Sleep/fatigue boosts

Energy/recovery +performance

Energy/fatigue +VO2

Energy/fatigue +endurance

Energy/fatigue +recovery

Cognition +, fatigue?

Attention/memory +

Less fatigue, better endurance

Reduced damage, faster recovery

less fatigue, lower effort

better endurance, less damage

Sleep/Fatigue: better sleep, less fatigue

Performance: faster recovery, energy

Fatigue/Arginine ↓

Performance/Endurance ↑

Fatigue ↓; endurance ↑

Fatigue ↓; recovery ↑

Fatigue ↓

Fatigue ↓ (65%)

↓ fatigue, ↑ arousal

+HR/BP, +thermogenesis

Less anemia, less fatigue

Improved iron/vitamin A status

Lower glucose spikes

Energy/fatigue improved

Energy↑ BAT activation

Fatigue↓ +9.6

Endurance↑/soreness↓

Exercise capacity↑, symptoms↓

QoL↑, fatigue↓

Energy/fatigue +67-84%

Mood/fatigue improved

DHEAS normalised

Energy/fatigue: improved

CoQ10↑, fatigue↓

Exercise recovery: better

Energy/fatigue ↑

+26–83%

Recovery/inflammation ↓

Histidine ↓ insulin resistance

Carnosine ↓ glucose

Sympathetic arousal +

Less fatigue + power

Hb↑, iron↑

+1.8 to +2.3

hepcidin↓, fatigue↓

Fatigue ↓; AMS 0%

VO2max ↑; fatigue ↓

Delayed fatigue +7–24%

Higher power/endurance +14–22%

Fatigue ↓28.3%

Fitness/well-being ↑

Fatigue↓, sleep↑

Nitrogen balance↑, weight↑

Glucose/insulin spikes ↓

2h iAUC −34%

GSH/mitochondria + fatigue

23.8–26.3% longer

EPO/VO2 preserved

Endurance up; markers down

VO2max +5.4%

Lower fatigue 19%

Less fatigue symptoms

Copper uptake ↓82%

Blood/energy unchanged

Strength/gait ↑

Power/energy: +17.7%, +8.9 W

Soreness/damage: CPK −32.6

Fatigue ↓, +13

Recovery/efficiency ↑, +1.2%

Ketones ↑, glucose ↓

Fatigue/performance mixed

Exercise fuel shift

Cognition/function + dose

Respiratory decline +6.27%

Methionine: DMI, milk, protein

Fatigue: cycling +1.4 min

Cognition up; fatigue unchanged

Psychobehavioural up; fatigue unchanged

ADL up; fatigue unchanged

Energy/fatigue +50 pts

ATP recovery +53 s

Fatigue improved, QoL +50

Exercise tolerance +53s

Energy/Fatigue: ↓ fatigue

Energy/Fatigue: ↑ endurance

Less fatigue, +2.39 min

Metabolic improvement, body fat ↓

Fat oxidation + ketones

Muscle strength + VO2max

Fatigue/appetite better

Nutrition/KPS +23%

Alertness + performance

Fatigue/energy boost

Glucose/insulin shifts

Cardio-recovery/lipolysis

Energy/fatigue: TTE +1.28

Energy/fatigue: REE +12.4%

Energy/fatigue: sleep +3%

↑Ketones, fat use

↓Heart rate, TG

More fat burning

+16% fat oxidation

Less fatigue / longer endurance

Energy use +4-8%

Fatigue ↓

Satiety + energy

Lower glucose spikes

Slower AA release

Lower post-meal sugar

Less hunger / intake

Faster clearance, less fatigue

Less fatigue, fewer side effects

Less sedation; −25%

Improved fatigue? unclear

Better glycemia, +1.76% HbA1c

Lipids improved in subgroups

Energy/Fatigue: biotin support

Energy/Fatigue: deficiency −54%

Better endurance +26%

Lower performance -11.6%

Fatigue ↓

Vitality +20.9

Energy use +12%

Fat burn + aerobic fitness

Less fatigue, more energy

+REE, +TTE

Fatigue recovery +17.4%

Vigor improved

ALT -1.9 U/L

Better vigilance, +7.1%

Improved cognition under hypoxia

Iron uptake, fatigue risk

+1.5x hepcidin, DMT1↓

Se status, liver genes

Fatigue -85%; weight +11%

CD4 +14%; weight +11%

Choline/fat-oxidation boost

Strength/vigor, not fatigue

Energy/Fatigue: ↓ fatigue

Energy/Fatigue: +performance, −fatigue

Energy/VO2max +

Fatigue/sleepiness +

Alertness/attention +accuracy

Fatigue/stress - sAA, +sleep

Alertness, less fatigue

Reaction time, +15–20 ms

Alertness, less sleepiness

Mental energy +8.15

Energy/fatigue: +VO2, time-to-fatigue

Energy/fatigue: ↓MDA, ↑SOD/GSH

Energy/fatigue: +32% TE

Exercise capacity +VO2max

Walking distance +55-59%

Fatigue/cognition: GABAB + plasticity

Pain/inflammation: reduced pain, IL-6

Strength ↑ +7.7–10.2

Lactate ↓, no mass change

Fatigue improved +14%

Energy/autonomic +10%

Attention + work, +2.2

Fatigue/stress lower, cortisol

Depression, remission +

Early mood +

Endurance +3–13%

Strength +10%

Intake↑; AA↑ (+25%)

Taste↑; AA↑ (+50%)

Endurance +36%

Reps +10–21%

Power +5%; NO↑

Soreness −40%; reps +53%

BP↓; cycling efficiency↑

Mitochondrial ↑; fatigue unchanged

Performance no change

Less fatigue, +10.5 ketones

Lower fat oxidation, -24%

Fat oxidation up, mixed

Better glucose control

HbA1c −0.75%

Fatigue/pruritus better

Bilirubin/AP ↓

No energy/fatigue impact

Cognition/ADL +4.6

Energy/fatigue +17%

Energy/fatigue -42.8%

Energy/fatigue improved

↑ LVEF, walk capacity

↓ VPCs; 7 vs 13 deaths

Lower glucose spikes

−0.67 mmol/L FBG

+7.96% WBC, growth

improved FCR, energy

Strength +9–11%

Muscle size +3.5%

Memory tests + MQ

Perceived fatigue lower

Higher thiamine/TDP exposure

+1147% plasma thiamine

Better ETK, fatigue

Lower glucose load

Less fatigue risk

Better satiety +51%

Less burnout, mood

+12% VO2, +23% endurance

Burnout ↓

VO2peak +12%

BP up +3.4-5.4

Energy/focus up

Faster walking, less fatigue

Mitochondria up, +7.4s walk

Better neurological energy

Seizures reduced significantly

T3↑, T4↓

Symptomatic subgroup improved

Fatigue scores down

Physical/cognitive fatigue down

Energy up, BAT active

+18.6% EE, less fat

Weight down, EE up

Fat oxidation ↑

ALA-DAG +17%

Less fatigue, -7.1pp

Collagen breakdown, -38%

Antioxidants up; fatigue↓

Brain factors up; energy↑

Lower injury, lactate

More α-KG, power

Anxiety, symptoms ↓

Grip strength ↑

Fat loss, -2.7 kg

Weight loss, -2.7 kg

Lower HbA1c, less fatigue

−0.36 HbA1c, dose↓

Fatigue -15%

Vitality +21%

Endurance threshold +13.9%

+6% sprint power

Hydration +2.5%

Cognition improved

Less dyspnea, better stamina

6MWD up; dyspnea down

Higher fat burn/+48% BAT

Less fatigue/+23% lift

Endurance + push-ups

Oxidative stress ↓

Better glucose control

Less insulin resistance

Hb +0.10

DSI +25.8

Oxygenation up, fatigue down +4.8%

Inflammation down, energy up −42.9 mg/L

Insulin sensitivity +14%

Glucose/insulin lowering

Fatigue/sleep improved

70% symptom-free

EE ↑ ~4%

Fat oxidation ↑

Lower fatigue; hepcidin -25%

More energy; hemoglobin +10%

Glycogen +100%, insulin ↓

Strength/lean mass ↑

Strength +13%; gait +8%

Muscle thickness +3-5%

Locomotion/alertness +

Sniffing -

GSH, mitochondria up

Oxidative stress down

LDL/CRP/ET-1 ↓

Exercise tolerance ↑

Mitochondria + OXPHOS

Phospholipids, PC:PE↓

Energy↑, fatigue↓

PPEE +10%

Energy/Fatigue up

+25% ON time

Energy/Fatigue up +70 min

LVEF ↑; fatigue ↓

Ventricular performance ↑; RPE ↓

↓O2 cost, +endurance

−RPE / faster sprint

↑Arousal/HR: +50 NE

↓Sedation/Fatigue: -60 min