Capsaicin

Pain relief, desensitization +30%

Rapid relief, fewer AEs

Pain/itch ↓

Redness/burning ↓

Anti-inflammatory skin flare ↓

CRP, eosinophils ↓

Sensory inflammation ↓

Nasal blockage ↓

Cough sensitivity ↑

Digestive lining protection

Swallowing safety +

Pain relief/opioid ↓

Swallowing recovery 90%

Mucus clearance/obstruction ↓

Nasal reactivity ↓

+fat oxidation

-energy intake

-weight/fat

Satiety/fullness +10%

Hunger/intake -257 kcal/day

Fat oxidation +RQ↓

Thermogenesis/BAT +5%

Catecholamines/lactate↑

Feed efficiency +4.2%

Swallow safety PAS ↓

Substance P ↑

Skin flow ↑ capsaicin

CGRP block lowers flow

Heat vasodilation ↓

BAT/EE ↑

+fat oxidation

FFA/glycerol ↑

Lipids, glucose ↓

Blood pressure ↓

Post-meal glucose↓

Insulin AUC↓

Higher fat burn/+48% BAT

Less fatigue/+23% lift

Endurance +1.4%

Perceived effort -0.8

VO2max +8%

BAT +48.8%, +46.4%

Vascular density, REE +0.9