Lysine

Growth↑ lysine +12%

Growth↓ deficiency

Optimal ratios improve

Muscle synthesis +70%

Lean mass +1.2%

Growth efficiency up

Wound healing +34%

Bleeding/pain control

Anabolism +70%

Lean mass +1.2%

Strength ↑

Pain relief +28pp

Muscle/growth benefits

Nutrition/biomarkers shift

Fat loss/waist −

Glucose/insulin shift +

Lysine metabolism changes

Antibody/T cell boost

Rhinitis/asthma relief

Tissue repair ↑ healing

Tissue repair +34% closure

Tissue repair ↓ bleeding

Digestion↑/illness↓

Gut emptying↑

Higher plasma Lys +13 AAs

Lower digestible Lys -31%

Mobility/strength +17%

AGE/CML reduction

Collagen +30g

Healing +34%

Stress hormones ↑, anxiety ↓

Psych symptoms ↓, platelets ↓

Collagen synthesis ↑

Healing/inflammation ↓

Less sedation; −25%

Improved fatigue? unclear

Nail cure +82%

Plasma/nail levels 10-35x

Extra cure 73.3%

Power recovery +21-24%

Protein balance −50 to +29

Lysine −22%, creatine +98%

BMD↑; PTH↓

Bone resorption↓

Ca absorption↑