Hesperidin

Venous tone/flow ↑

Edema/symptoms ↓

BP↓, blood flow↑

vein tone↓, +2.5mmHg

endothelial function↑, inflammation↓

Tissue repair: +5.5% retention

Tissue repair: faster healing/bleeding −5.2%

Inflammation genes −3,422

CRP/IL‑6/TNF‑α ↓

Adhesion markers ↓

Antioxidant capacity ↑

+13% TAC

Oxidative damage ↓

TC/LDL ↓ (−22%)

HDL ↑

Metabolic-oxidative: MGO↓37%

Liver-glucose: enzymes/steatosis↓

Inflammation genes ↓

Glucose/IL-6 ↓

SBP −5–7 mmHg

DBP lowered

Cognition + attention

Glucose/inflammation −6% to −49%

Aerobic recovery +8.9W

Sprint recovery −5.7%

↓ FPG/HbA1c

↓ HOMA-IR / MG

Power/energy: +17.7%, +8.9 W

Soreness/damage: CPK −32.6

Cognition + attention

Fall risk -

MDA -14%

Gut absorption ↓29.7→9.3 μmol

Stool phytochemicals ↑37-fold

CRP histamine IL-1 -28%

Inflammation reduction -45% histamine