Prebiotics

Bifido↑,SCFA↑

Inflammation↓,permeability↓

Bowel freq +38.5%

IBS symptoms −38.4pts

Stool softer/frequent

Bifido+SCFA, ↓inflammation

Fewer infections, better immunity

↑ frequency/softer stools

↓ constipation severity

Liver enzymes/inflam ↓

SCFAs/endotoxin/inflam ↓

Weight loss: -5kg

Waist/fat loss: -2.6cm

Iron absorption +45–51%

Calcium absorption +5–13%

Reduced bloating/gas

+ symptoms relief

Bifidobacteria + SCFAs

Eczema severity −18

Allergy incidence −57%

Acne lesions −7

Mood ↑ stress/depression

Mood ↑ +10.44

Fatigue↓, sleep↑

Energy/metabolism↓ glucose

Appetite ↓ hunger, +fullness

Glucose/insulin ↓, PYY/GLP-1 ↑

Energy intake ↓

Better sleep quality

Deeper sleep +N3

Faster night consolidation

Plaque/gums ↓, mucositis ↓

Caries ↓, lactose tolerance ↑

Hunger↓; no intake

GLP-1/PYY↑; hunger↓

Satiety↑; hunger↓