Rutin

Leg swelling/symptoms

Microcirculation/flow improved

Venous swelling ↓

Flight edema 12%→8%

↓ swelling/symptoms

↑ venous function

Inflammation markers ↓

ESR/CRP↓, IL-6↓, MPO↓

Oxidative stress↓, GSH↑

TAC↑, BAP↑

Weight/fat ↓, FFM ↑

Glucose/lipids/inflammation improved

Irritation/redness ↓

Wrinkles/elasticity ↑

Knee: LFI −3.6

Hip: WOMAC improved

Macular function +38%

+30%; dry eye

Vision, edema improved

Pain/swelling/tiredness +11-24%

Clot-busting, flow +venous

RBC aggregation, viscosity -

Strength +13%; gait +8%

Muscle thickness +3-5%

PLE↓ severity/itch

significant reduction