Citicoline

Brain metabolism +NAA/Cho

Gray matter + visual

Stroke/head injury outcomes

Improved acuity, +92%

Slower field loss, -0.95 dB/year

Memory/attention +3.5

Craving/use −6.41x

Memory +3.5

Recall +7.3%

Memory tests improved

Attention + memory

Concentration + impulsivity

Memory +3.5 pts

Vision −0.95 dB/yr

Memory +3.5; clarity

Attention/speed +, impulsivity -

Membrane synthesis +7.3%

Visual/EEG gating improvement

Attention/orientation +

EEG arousal shifts

Mood ↓; craving ↓

Depression improved

Remission +p=0.045

Less negative symptoms

Craving ↓, GM ↑

Better neurological energy

Seizures reduced significantly

Attention/motor speed +

Impulsivity -

Fatigue/cognition improved

Emotional/autonomic improved