Beef Liver

Copper/Se status ↑

Sulfur/Fe ↓ Cu

Copper: liver stores +

Vitamin A/D: liver -

Fat loss/liver fat -4.89%

LDL/genes up-down

Iron transport -DMT1

Retinol↓, backfat↑

β-carotene↑, backfat↓

Cu/Se raise immunity

Hepcidin +1.5x, DMT1↓

Iron uptake, fatigue risk

+1.5x hepcidin, DMT1↓

Se status, liver genes

Vitamin status, no tenderness

+ marbling, adiposity

Higher Se, gene shifts

Less vitamins, fatter carcasses

Retinol, D3 ↓

Backfat, marbling ↑

Iron import down, +Mn

Se status up, genes

Iron import ↓; hepcidin ↑1.5x

Se status ↑