Metabolism
162 supplements analyzed and ranked by clinical evidence.
Supplement Evidence
Glycemia/lipids/inflammation
Weight/fat/insulin
ALA↑ EPA↑
DHA↓ glucose↓
Weight↓ lipids↓
Homocysteine↓, B6↑
Folate/methylation↑, homocysteine↓
Zinc↓ ALT/GGT, waist
Phytate↓ zinc absorption
Alanine↓ ketogenesis↑
Glucose/urea↑ alanine↓
ALT↓ liver metabolism
Amino acids ↑/↓ metabolism
Liver lipids/glucose ↓
Metabolic clearance: 68%↓
Buffering: HCO3-/pH↑
AA↓/EPA↑ lipids
TG↓ HDL↑
Alkali↑ citrate/pH
K↓ calciuria
AA uptake↑ / glucose↔
L-Arg/Leu metabolism↑
Liver fat↓ insulin↑
HDL↑ TG↓ LDL↓
Glucose↑ insulin resistance↓
Phenylalanine↓ fat oxidation↑
Protein balance↑ Phe flux↓
thyroid: TG↑ fT3↓
iodine status: UIC↑ Tg↓
Nerve pain +39%
Insulin resistance -48%
Liver enzymes -71%
Insulin resistance ↓
Glycemia/lipids ↓
↓HOMA-IR, ↓glucose
↑insulin, ↑GLP-1
LDL/TG ↓
Glucose ↓ +10%
Methylation/homocysteine: -29%
Fatty liver/oxidation
Glycemia/insulin ↓
Lipids/body fat ↓
Inflammation ↓
Metabolism: glucose↓, insulin↑
Metabolism: arginine↓/fat↓
Metabolism: fatty liver↓
Lipid lowering: LDL/TC ↓
Glucose lowering: GI/AUC ↓
Inflammation/barrier: IL-6/TAG ↓
Fat loss/waist −
Glucose/insulin shift +
Lysine metabolism changes
↑ Butyrate, glucose
↓ HbA1c / insulin
Glucose/IR ↓
Lipids/Weight ↓
Liver enzymes ↓
Lipids/Glucose ↓
Liver fat/ALT ↓
Insulin resistance ↓
Insulin/glucose ↓
Lipids/BP ↓
Metabolism +Mg
Glucose/insulin control
−20% infections
Fat/lipolysis ↓
Lipids ↓; HDL↑
Glucose/insulin ↓; HbA1c↓
Fat mobilization +ketones
Carbs→fat shift +21%
Insulin resistance −0.6 HOMA
Glucose/insulin ↓
Weight/lipids ↓
Lipids ↑ with methionine
Homocysteine ↑; vessel function ↓
Methionine restriction: fat loss
Metabolism +6.9–57%
Lipids/glucose −41%
+7 mmHg? no
Serine/glycine metabolism
Lipid/BCAA shifts
Glucose/insulin ↓
Liver fat/IR ↓
Folate/tHcy shift
Riboflavin status +83%
Betaine↑, Hcy↓
Betaine ↔ glucose
Copper uptake ↓
Liver copper ↓
+20% absorption
Carnosine: +37–47%
Insulin resistance: −1.09
ImP: −39.9%
Glucose/insulin: -14%
BCAA/isoleucine: ↓
BP: -4 mmHg
↓ glucose/IR
↓ weight/lipids
Homocysteine ↓ betaine
Body fat ↓
Lipids: LDL↓ 8–10%
Insulin/glucose: mixed↑↓
Blood pressure: ~4–7 mmHg↓
Vitamin K lowers glucose/insulin
Vitamin K lowers inflammation
Glucose↓, HOMA-IR↓
Lipids↓, TG−15%
Fat burning ↑
Glucose/weight ↓
EE +3-15%
Polyamine depletion: -60.8%
Tumor prevention: -70%
B1 status ↑
Metabolism markers ↓
Metabolism: glucose/insulin ↓
Metabolism: lipids/fat ↓
Liver enzymes↓ TAC↑
Lipids/glucose↓ inflammation↓
Fat oxidation + EE
CYP1A2 metabolism -32%
AUC/clearance changes
B-vitamin/homocysteine ↓
Weight/lipids/inflammation ↓
Weight/lipids ↓
Glucose/insulin ↓
Glucose/insulin ↓, fiber + fermentation
LDL/total cholesterol ↓ ~10-15%
Weight/insulin ↓
Lipids/LPS ↓
Lipids/glucose ↓
Weight/IR ↓
↑EE/fat oxidation
+10% fat oxidation
Weight loss +3.4 kg
Metabolic rate +10.7%
Body fat -6%
Glucose/insulin control
Nitrogen balance + survival
Lower glucose/insulin
Lipid & liver benefits
Glucose/IR improved −27%
Lipids/fat mass down
Glucose↓ insulin sensitivity↑
HbA1c↓ lipids↓
TG↓ VO2↓
Metabolic health: weight/glucose/lipids
Inflammation & liver fat
Lipids/fat oxidation
+45% MFO
Insulin/androgens/adipokines
Glucose/insulin ↓, HOMA-IR ↓
Lipids ↓, HDL ↑
Lipids ↓, glucose ↓
Weight/BP ↓, lipids ↓
Acidosis buffer: +32%, -23%
Glucose control: -1.6 mmol/L
Exercise capacity: +23% TTE
Lipids: LDL/TC −4%
Glycemia: GI/glucose ↓
Liver lipids ↓
Inflammation markers ↓
Lipids ↓ TG -20%
Glucose/insulin ↓ -13.6%
Lipids/waist improved
NASH histology/enzymes improved
Lipids/liver enzymes -28 ALT
Glucose/insulin resistance
Higher energy use; +12%
More lean mass; +6%
Less fat synthesis
Liver fat −11.2%
Lipids/glucose ↓
Lipids/adiponectin
+HDL -TG
Glucose/insulin resistance
Glucose/insulin spikes
−50% iAUC
Fasting glucose/HbA1c
Glucose control -15%
Insulin secretion +577.9
Glucose uptake ↓
LDL/sterols ↓
Lipid lowering: TC/LDL/TG
Insulin/glucose improved; weight ↓
Glucose/insulin ↓, 57%
Satiety/GLP-1 ↑
HbA1c ↓ 0.12%
BMI, insulin ↓
TG, MDA ↓
Glucose, insulin shifts
Nitrogen partitioning changes
Carnitine shifts fuel use
+30 mtDNA / flexibility
Insulin/ammonia improved
Weight/fat ↓; glucose/IR ↓
+4% cycling performance
Biotin turnover +69%
Blood biotin +51%
Triglycerides/VLDL ↓
Lipids down, TBARS −29.3%
Endothelial function, nitric oxide
Glucose control −34%
Weight/fat loss −4.5kg
Lipids ↓LDL −8%
Liver fat/ALT/HOMA-IR ↓
Weight/TG/insulin ↓
Lipids, glucose −22%
Weight/fat loss ~4kg
Fat oxidation +RQ↓
Thermogenesis/BAT +5%
Catecholamines/lactate↑
Glucose/liver improved
Fat loss
Metabolism: ↑ ketones, ↑ fat oxidation
Metabolism: ↓ TG, better balance
Fat oxidation +23-28%
Glucose/lipids -25 mg/dL
Insulin resistance +26.7%
HbA1c −1.2%
Lactate/ammonia ↓
SAM/methylation preserved
Homocysteine shifted
Lipid lowering: TG/LDL
Glycemia: HbA1c↓
TG -10.9%
NAD boost; glycemia/insulin
Metabolic markers; weight/BP
Glucose ↓2 mg/dL
VAT −14.1%
ATP synthesis ↑
Glucose/fat shift
Lipid lowering −34% TG
Oxidative stress/LDL ↓21%
Glucose/body fat modest
Body fat/lipids ↓
Post-meal glucose ↓
Urine metabolites ↑
Fat loss/liver fat -4.89%
LDL/genes up-down
Iron transport -DMT1
Weight/waist −5kg
Glucose/lipids ↓
Cholesterol lowering (-49 mg/dL)
Insulin/glucose improvement
Blood pressure drop (-10 mmHg)
Lipids −10%
Glucose/inflammation down
Lower HOMA-IR, glucose
GLP-1/gut bacteria +SCFAs
Fasting glucose -0.2 mmol/L
↓Glucose/insulin (~8%)
↑Fat oxidation
Lipids down: LDL/TC
B5 up, eye AEs
Lower insulin/glucose -12.1%
Improved sensitivity/HbA1c
Weight/fat ↓, FFM ↑
Glucose/lipids/inflammation improved
Glucose/insulin ↓ -27%
Lipids/oxidative stress ↓ -15%
Carboxylases ↑ biotin status
Lipids ↓ ~0.5-0.9
Growth/FPD improved
Weight/fat loss −7.4kg
Glucose/GLP-1 changes
Fat ox. +90.9 mg
+Ketones +10.5
Glucose control ↓; HbA1c
Lipids ↓; insulin resistance ↓
Urinary glucose −54%
Weight/waist ↓
Glucose/lipids improved
Weight/fat loss -11.4%
Satiety/CCK maintained
Weight regain -6.6kg
Lipids/BP improved
Weight/waist/CRP ↓
TG/DBP ↓
Lower glucose, LDL
↓ glucose, insulin resistance
Lipids/BMI ↓
Glucose/HbA1c ↓
Lower glucose, HbA1c
Reduced insulin resistance
Triglycerides −41.6 mg/dL
Glucose/BMI lower
Glycemic/insulin shift: −1.62% HbA1c
Blood/testosterone rise: +RBC, +T
Fat/volume ↓ +2.7kg
Adipose tissue ↓
Glucose control: -0.4% HbA1c
Weight/lipids: -3.4 kg
↓ weight, insulin resistance
↑ satiety, bowel freq
Faster growth, better efficiency
Days to market ↓
Mn absorption ↑2.3x
Fat/oxidation ↓, MnSOD ↑
Weight -1.7kg
Insulin resistance improved
Lipid lowering: -20–41%
Inflammation/homocysteine: -15–24%
↓ inflammation; glucose/insulin
fibrinogen, HOMA-IR ↓
eGFR preserved +1.9
spermidine/aguA up
Triglycerides -31%
Cholesterol, glucose down
Mitochondria +7.4s gait
Glucose/weight improved; remission 50%
Lower glucose/IR
Better vessel function
T3↑, T4↓
QoL similar; symptomatic↑
Fat oxidation +25–29%
Postprandial glucose/insulin ↓
PPEE +10%, waist -5.5cm
Postprandial glucose -7.86%
Insulin response, HDL up
↓ BP, ↓ HbA1c
↑ HDL, +6.3%
Metabolism ↑, fat ↓
+18.6% energy; -16.6 cm² visceral fat
Cholesterol/ApoB down
FMD unchanged
BMI ↓
Oxidative stress ↓
Sexual function ↑
BP/glucose/IR ↓
Weight/fat/LDL ↓
Lipids ↓12%
Oxidative markers ↓33%
ALT/AST down
Fibrosis -52%
↓ asprosin, MCP-1
↑ adiponectin +4.4
LAP -8.7; IL-6 blunted
Oral microbiota diversity shifted
Fat burn ↑
Stress hormones ↑
RMR ↑
Lipid lowering: TG -15%
Lower glucose/insulin AUC
Lower glucose, HbA1c
↓MAPK/PTP1B/NFκB expression
Weight −5.0 kg
GLP‑1↑, LDL↓
GSH restored, oxidative stress↓
Mitochondrial oxidation↑
HDL +24.5%
Triglycerides -28.1%; PYY +56.2%
Butyrate +17.4%
Insulin sensitivity, triglycerides down
Fat oxidation +13–24%
RER -0.02 to -0.03
Weight/glucose down
20-HETE↓ ~30%
Blood pressure unchanged
Thiamine status +2.6x
Glucose/insulin −11%
Insulin ↓; glucose ~same
LDL −6%; BP ↓4
Lipid shift, HDL +11%
Epigenetic/antioxidant boost
Liver fat −15.85%
Liver enzymes improved
Insulin resistance ↓36%
HDL-C ↑33%
Fat loss, +16.8% T
Higher free testosterone