Milk Thistle

ALT/AST ↓

Fibrosis/stiffness ↓

Glucose/insulin ↓, HOMA-IR ↓

Lipids ↓, HDL ↑

LDL down ~32%

Total cholesterol down

Lower hs-CRP

↓6.8%

↓26.8%

Liver fibrosis/stiffness ↓

Oxidative/inflammatory markers ↓

Lower FPG/HbA1c (~20%, ~12%)

Lower FBS, insulin dose

Improved insulin resistance

Less dermatitis/mucositis

Better wound healing

Antioxidant ↑ SOD/GPX

+12.85%

+30.32% GPX

Mucositis/HFS ↓ delayed

Wound/AKI recovery ↑

Liver enzymes normalise

Ferritin/AKI reduced

Hot flashes -69%

Menopausal symptoms down

Hot flashes ↓ ~70%

Menopause symptoms ↓

GIS symptoms - p<0.05

Earlier relief vs placebo

↓TNF-α, neopterin

↑IFNγ/IL-4