Chlorogenic Acid

Glucose/IR improved −27%

Lipids/fat mass down

Lower fasting glucose −27%

Better post‑meal glucose, insulin

Endothelial function +FMD

Blood pressure/lipids ↓

Insulin resistance/lipids ↓

Cholesterol/TG ↓

Oxysterols/LDL ↓

Weight/fat loss: −2.2 kg

Waist/VFA reduction

Weight loss: −5.4 kg

Antioxidant capacity +

Oxidative stress -40%

Antioxidant enzymes +52%

CRP/IL-6/TNFα ↓

Oxylipins/oxLDL ↓

AST/ALT −7

Fatty liver index

HGP ↓

Oxidative lipids −71%

Cognitive/BP and hot flushes

Antioxidant defenses +21-75%

Blood flow/oxygenation ↑

Attention/mood slightly better

Cognition/markers improved

Inflammation, CRP −59%

UTI risk −55%

Oxidative stress ↓

Liver/fat markers ↓

miRNAs ↓

Hydration↑, TEWL↓

Pigment/erythema↓

Pigment area↓ (~45%)

Energy/mood + alertness

Frontal oxygenation / fatigue

SBP/DBP ↓ ~7 mmHg

Dose-dependent BP ↓

Lower stroke severity

Better function; less inflammation