Isoleucine

Glucose/insulin: -14%

BCAA/isoleucine: ↓

BP: -4 mmHg

BCAA rises, protein gain

1. Isoleucine up

2. Weight/anabolism up

BCAAs, growth

BCAAs, survival

↓BCAAs, ↑weight loss

↓hunger, ↓intake

↑satiety hormones

Leaner tissue, +0.4 kg

Protein balance, +38 mg N/kg/d

MPS/anabolism +3.5x

Lean mass/growth +1.0%

Nitrogen balance +38.3

Plasma isoleucine + BCAA

↓ glucose AUC

↑ insulin/GLP-1

−14% glucose AUC

Immune markers +10%

Immune suppression -5

Protein repair +

Damage markers -

Protein balance +38.3

Muscle breakdown ↓

Amino acids ↓ hunger

Amino acids ↓ intake

Amino acids ↑ satiety

Less muscle damage

Faster strength recovery

Higher protein synthesis