Avocado

Lipids/LDL ↓ -10%

Vascular/fatty acids ↑

Pain/function ↓; NSAID −26%

Joint space progression ↓ ~10%

Lipids ↓ TG -20%

Glucose/insulin ↓ -13.6%

Joint pain/function -26%

Inflammation markers ↓

LDL/total cholesterol ↓

Blood vessel function ↑

Triglycerides/insulin ↓

Carotenoid uptake +12.6×

Oxidative stress ↓, antioxidants ↑

↓ glucose spikes

↓ insulin response

Vascular/inflammation: −29%

Carotenoid/vitamin uptake: +15×

Oxidative/antioxidant shift

Lutein/MPD +25%

β-carotene→A+12.6x

Carotenoid absorption +2.35x

Lutein status +25%

OxLDL −8.8%

Microbiota diversity ↑

Acetate +18%, bile acids ↓

Lower inflammation

better cytokine balance

Lutein +25%; cognition

Attention up; MPD up

Firmness/elasticity improved

No hydration change

VS ratio ↓ women

VAT −32.9 g

Satiety +23%

Insulin -37%

PYY +2.5x