Lupin

Lipids: LDL/TC −4%

Glycemia: GI/glucose ↓

LDL/total cholesterol ↓

Protein digestibility ↓

Lower LDL/total cholesterol

Better LDL:HDL ratio

Satiety + fullness

-488kJ intake

Ghrelin down

Bulk ↑, transit ↓

+33%, -21%

Frequent, higher output

Muscle loss −3.5%

Strength loss −9.7%

Bulk +33%

Transit -21%

Butyrate +60%

Bulk +33%

Transit -21%

Satiety −488 kJ

Weight loss −7.4 kg

Cholesterol/LDL ↓ ~4%

Protein/Zn uptake ↑

HbA1c −2.9%, comfort ↑

Weight −7.4kg, comfort ↑

Lower hunger, −488 kJ

Blunted glucose spikes, ~−73%