Piperine

Lipids/glucose ↓

Weight/IR ↓

CRP/TNF-α ↓

PGE2 ↓

Fasting glucose ↓ ~9-12

HbA1c ↓ ~0.3-0.8%

ALT/NAFLD ↓

Enzymes ↓ 35.8

ALP/NAFLD ↓

Lipids/glucose ↓; HDL ↑

LDL -18 mg/dL

↓MDA/↑GSH

↑SOD/↓CRP

Improved breathing symptoms

Marked PAS reduction

93% vs 84%

Allergy relief, IgE ↓100

Inflammation control, CRP/ESR ↓

Increased uptake +120%

Reduced ALT -8 U/L

Weight loss +5.85 kg

Weight maintenance +30%

Liver detox +10

Metabolic detox markers

Vitiligo repigmentation + irritation

Hair regrowth, SALT ↓

Stress/anxiety ↓ -9.4

Depression/anxiety ↓ +serotonin

PGE2, pain improved

IL-4, IL-6, hs-CRP down

PGE2↓; pain relief

Inflammation↓, unclear pain

Sputum conversion +9%

Cure rate +10%

Liver enzymes -6

Muscle mass +

Cell health +

Safer swallows −57%

Faster closure 0.380→0.306s