Focus & concentration

Iron stores↑

Hb↑ 1–4g/dL

Cognition↑

Attention + ADHD symptom relief

2-7 pt improvement

Caffeine: faster attention +RT

Drunk: partial RT rescue

Sleep loss: alertness +RT

Memory/attention +10%

Craving/withdrawal ↓

Task speed ↑

Attention + memory

Alertness + processing speed

Processing speed +8.8

Memory/attention + small gains

Hb/iron ↑, fatigue/QOL

Neuro/cognition +8-13 pts

Focused attention + faster processing

+3.5 IQ, -6.9 BPD

Better attention, memory

Cognition +3.3 pts

Function/behavior better

Attention speed +

Executive/processing +24%

Memory/attention +18%

Iodine status, memory +

Thyroid function, cognition +

Ammonia↓, focus↑

Memory/attention↑

Schizophrenia cognition↑

Alertness + memory

Sleep timing + attention

Attention/memory +

Sleepiness/cognition −

Attention/memory gains

+6 to +10%

Attention faster, steadier

Memory/attention +

EEG gating/immediate focus

+

Memory +5.4

Attention/working memory

Verbal/visual memory

GSH↑, concentration↑

Cognition +26%

Perfusion/working memory↑

Improved memory/attention

Better cognition, 12.2%

Faster processing, +13.0

Memory/attention +p<0.05

Fatigue/motor +p<0.001

Attention/RT +0.07 SD

Alertness/fatigue improved

Executive function +0.06 SD

Attention/memory +significant

Fatigue/cognition +MMSE

Reaction time only

Hydration lifts focus +performance

Dehydration blunts attention -5%

Electrolytes improve cognition +4%

Attention: slower/worse

Dopamine: reduced focus

Attention/memory: +0.35

Homocysteine↓; cognition↑

Speed/attention +13-18s

Memory/executive +11-27%

Attention/fatigue +1.25

Memory/working memory +7.5%

Focus: attention, memory

Focus: +1.7 T-score

Attention/memory +fast

Lower fatigue/stress -4.3

ADHD symptoms -2.25

Attention/memory +7%

+46% reading/spelling

Focus+memory: better

Attention/executive: −

Learning/retention: better

Memory + attention

Alertness +1.6 errors

Focus/attention +5-10%

Concentration under stress

Stroop/working memory ↑

Fatigue/attention, +59%

Memory/executive, +0.84

Lower Trp harms attention

BCAA helps reaction time

Attention + cognition +

Reaction time +

Memory/attention +3–36%

Migraine burden −8w

Memory/attention: better

Focus scores: +3.7

EEG/recall: improved

Attention + memory

IQ subtests + recall

Better attention/memory

Reduced cognitive decline

Memory/attention/orientation

+ cognition & daily function

Attention/processing +13, −51ms

Memory/concentration improved

Slower cognitive decline

Attention/memory +

Reactivity/recall -118ms

Fatigue down, attention up

~15% antifatigue

Attention/memory improved

Cognition +14.2%

Attention/memory improved

School ability higher

Attention speed+accuracy

Fatigue/stress down

Attention + fast RT

Working memory + accuracy

Alertness, -tiredness

Attention + memory

small gains

Better focus, faster

Lower stress, steadier

Improved Stroop +17%

Better reaction time -14ms

Memory/attention + MoCA

+7-32%

Working memory/reaction time

Attention/memory +

Relaxed alertness

Attention/RT +8.5%

Fatigue↓; vigilance↑

Cognition +0.78

Dementia severity better

ADHD/OCD similar

Attention +RT

Stress -4 to -6

Attention + memory

Concentration + impulsivity

Cognition +4.6

Attention/task-switching improved

RBC AChE -50%

Anxiety ↓; focus unchanged

No cognitive/sedation effect

EEG shift; focus stable

Alertness + speed

Less anxiety, better memory

Alertness: no change

Working memory: +5

Attention + sleep

Anxiety − sleep

Cognition/attention +?

Symptoms -19%

Motivation/attention + recovery

+1.1% WM consolidation

SAM↑, cognition↑

DAT↕, no insulin

Attention + memory

Calmness + recall

Cognition + memory, p<0.05

Psychobehaviour + scores, p<0.05

Memory +7.2

THC effects -78%

EEG preserved

+0.015 gamma

MMSE stable

Memory +BP changes

Executive speed +oxygenation

Cognition + A. muciniphila

SCFAs +42% / +38%

HRV, cognition +

Attention +46%

Memory/cognition mixed

Cortisol/steroids ↑

Ketones + cognition

Inhibitory control, WM

Brain fog, cognition +

Inhibition/plasticity, attention +

MMN changes; focus mixed

CBD +5 vitality, less sleepiness

Cognition + flow better

Working memory decline prevented

Choline/metabolites: focus ↑

+1.23 speed; errors ↓

Attention +47%

Cognition +r0.47

Attention + mental fatigue

Delirium risk −11.2%

ATP↑, cognition↑

Sleepiness↓

Attention + significant

Working memory + mood

Psychometrics + EEG

Slow caffeine clearance

Improved attention/performance

+31 h half-life

Cognition +6.25

Memory +0.17

Cognitive +29%

Sleepiness reduced

Attention lapses down

Attention + memory

PFC blood-flow +10%

Processing speed/flexibility

Attention/memory +

Emotion speed +

Speed +6.7%

Stress -9.5

Better mood/focus

+focus, no gains

Memory + fluency

Attention/speed + accuracy

Cognition +10.6%

Attention/reaction time

Protein synthesis

Attention/speed +2h

Memory/language, anxiety down

Hippocampal preservation +0.5%

Less ventricular expansion −2.0%

Alertness +; memory 0

Cognition +; vigilance +

Less sedation, better focus

+10 min, sharper attention

Energy/focus +VAS

Blood pressure +3.4–5.4

Attention/speed +~2

Alertness decline −5.9pp

Perfusion/speed improved

EEG shifts; cognition +

Memory/mood +0.58d, attention mixed

T3↑, T4↓; cognition same

Symptomatic subgroup improved +T3

Attention↑, hyperactivity↓

Oxidative stress↓, GSH/GSSG↑

Executive function ↑

Memory/accuracy ↑

Memory + recall gains

Working-memory errors -

Water +2.2–2.5%; focus up

Psychometric performance improved

Attention,self-control, memory

Improved (NR)

Less mental fatigue, -11.7

Mood-related focus boost, -3.8

Attention, speed, accuracy

Improved focus

Fewer errors

Memory contentment +2.7

Faster movement -10.4 ms

Fewer memory errors -8.5

Lower BP, slower breathing

Respiratory rate -significant

Motor/QoL: similar

AEs +18.5%

Attention timing faster

Impulsivity +50%

Sedation/alertness reversed