Skin appearance

Skin clearer, less acne

Wrinkles/pigment improved, irritation lower

Wrinkles/hydration +1.0

Firmness/density +15%

Volume/folds -7.6d

Wrinkles/hydration +40%

Scar closure 32→47%

Elasticity/collagen +17%

Eczema ↓, barrier↑

Hydration/texture↑, redness↓

Skin-darkening ↓

Pigmentation ↓

Brightens, fades pigment

-26.8% roughness

Boosts collagen, firmness

Dryness/hydration ↓

Wrinkles/brightness ↑

Redness, scaling ↓

Hydration, elasticity ↑

Psoriasis improvement

GI/flushing side effects

Pigment/texture better

Wrinkles/scars improved

Whitening/lightening, spots down

Barrier/hydration, elasticity up

Pigment/redness improved

Hydration/elasticity +10-25%

Wrinkles/texture better

Redness/irritation ↓

Lesions/ulcers ↓

Acne/infection less, +64%

Wrinkles/density improved

Acne lesions ↓

Mite/lesion clearance ↑

Skin penetration ↑

Pigment/carotenoid↑

UV redness↓

Wrinkles/melasma↓

Healed ulcers +78%

Lighter skin +13%

Hydration/elasticity +brightness

Sunburn resistance +34.7

Lightening/smoothness +reduced pigmentation

Barrier/moisture +1

Pigment/texture/wrinkles +

Smoother skin texture

Less acne, oil

Smoother skin roughness

Less dryness +89%

Better barrier/appearance

Wrinkles −10.6%

Moisture up

Wrinkles/density +16.1%

Psoriasis/aging severity

Hydration/sebum↑, MMP-1↓

Lightening, comparable

Hydration+elasticity +26%

Wrinkles −14%

Skin carotenoids ↑

Sunnier, less red skin

Collagen synth. +PINP

Skin roughness -16%

Wrinkles improved 58%

Faster healing, less inflammation

Wrinkles ↓25–34%

Wrinkles, elasticity +moisture

Barrier + collagen genes

Faster healing, fewer relapses

Lesion scores down

Ulcer healing +23pp

Lesions, +56% responders

Discomfort, +21% healed

Anti-aging mood, antioxidant

Blood pressure and memory

Hydration +1.6, TEWL -0.7

Redness, moisture increase

Smoother texture, +1 mm³

Less acne, better tolerance

Melanosis/keratosis improved; hair As -47.1%

Lesions and burning improved

Hydration +6.4%

Wrinkle depth -13.6%

Less pain, better healing

-1.6 REEDA

Less bruising

Reduced swelling

Less viable fleas

-68% viability

Reduced lesion/pain

Less cellulite, thinner waist

+NR circumference, +thicker epidermis

Hydration/elasticity +28%

Smoother, denser skin

Smoothness/texture +1.0

Acne/inflammation ↓

Faster burn healing

Better healing scores

Less slough, fewer changes

Healing unchanged

Wrinkles -3.74

Moisture, elasticity up

Acne fewer lesions

Bacteria down, acne cleared

Hydration ↑, TEWL ↓ ~10%

Acne lesions ↓

Melasma ↓, brightness ↑

Less redness, −13.83

Softer skin, hydration

Firmness up

Shear-wave +

Distension unchanged

Redness -20% to -27%

Vehicle -11% to -15%