L-Proline

Collagen synthesis +55%

Wound healing +61%

CTX -37%; BMD +1.6%

ALP/Hydroxyproline ↓

BMD loss ↓35-43%

Collagen synthesis +55%

Wound healing faster

Collagen synthesis +100%

OA pain/function ~50%

Proline/arginine ↑; immunity +

Antibodies ↑; inflammation ↓

Collagen synthesis +100%

Wound healing, +20%

Bone turnover, -45%

Mucositis/reflux ↓

Constipation: stool ↑

Collagen synth. +PINP

Skin roughness -16%

Wrinkles improved 58%

Recovery: collagen synthesis + proline

Protein sparing: +130 mg/kg

Stress↓ collagen↑ 0.35

Metabolites shift; stress↓

MPS ↑ proline

Collagen synthesis ↑ proline

Collagen synthesis +dose

Wrinkles/roughness improved

Brittleness −16%/−19%

Silicon uptake