Grape Seed Extract

BP↓, lipids↓

Hemorrhage↓, circulation↑

Lipids, −20% LDL

Blood pressure, −13.1 mmHg

Oxidative stress, −37.5% CRP

Metabolic/inflammatory improvement

Venous symptoms/QoL

Blood pressure/endothelial +6.4

Venous reflux/bleeding -2490 ms

Antioxidant markers +52%

Oxidative stress ↓

Inflammation ↓

Skin + density

Lipids, inflammation, BP

↓ TNF-α/hsCRP

↓ inflammatory genes

Barrier/moisture +1

Pigment/texture/wrinkles +

Healing time -50%

Periodontal scores improved

Inflammation -IL-6, TNF-α

Antibacterial support -streptococci

Healing time -6d

Healing score better

Fatigue threshold +22%

Threshold power +5%

Hard exudates improved +35.9%

Macular thickness/volume decreased