Bone health

BMD +4% / -23.5pp

PTH ↓, Ca absorption ↑

Fractures ↓, BMD ↑

↑25OHD ↓PTH

↑BMD ↓resorption

Resorption ↓45%, formation ↑23%

BMD ↑6–10%, resorption ↓

Bone activation +ucOC↓

BMD +1–5%

Spine/hip BMD ↑

Resorption markers ↓

BMD/fracture: +1.6%, -10%

Vitamin D/PTH: +33.4, -PTH

↓ urine calcium, +BMD

+citrate, -acid load

Bone density/turnover +1.7%

Bone healing/stability

Spine/hip BMD +1-3%

Hormones up, BMD stable

Bone turnover improved

Bone growth + density

Bone turnover ↓

BMD +6.9%

Bone formation ↑

Resorption markers ↓

CTX -37%; BMD +1.6%

ALP/Hydroxyproline ↓

BMD loss ↓35-43%

Less resorption, +BMD

IGF-1, PTH, BMD

BMD ↑4.4% / fractures ↓76.7%

Bone resorption ↓33% / CTX

Resorption ↓15%

BMD/BMC ↑

+10.3 g BMC

Bone loss −3.5→−1.3%

Bone density/geometry +

Bone markers +15%

Enamel remineralization +70%

Bone breakdown↓; inflammation↓

BMD↑; resorption↓

Calcium absorption↑

Spine BMD: +1.48%

Bone Mn: dose-dependent

Spine BMD +4.1%

Bone markers improved

Bone loss slowed

↑n-3, ↓resorption

↑Ca retention, ↑BMD

Vitamin D/PTH: +2% BMD

Leucine EAA: BMC preserved

↑ Bone density +1.5%

Bone strength/formation unchanged

Bone loss -3.6%

Goiter shrinkage -44%

↑ BMD, strength

↓ resorption, healing

CTx -0.05

Bone markers estrogen-like

Bone markers improved

+? bone turnover

No endometrial gain

Bone resorption ↓15%

Bone resorption ↓17%

Bone index ↑

Bone formation markers +49.7%

Bone events 3% vs 11%

BMD↑; BGP↑

CRP↓

Bone age/growth +

Hormones/organ volumes +

Bone resorption −37%

Bone thickness +21%

Preserved femoral BMD

P1NP unchanged

Bone loss ↓1.1–1.35 mm

Bone density +273 HU

↑TAC, ↓NTx

↑lycopene, ↓oxidative stress

↓ resorption, ↑ formation

IGF-1 changed

↑ bone formation markers

↓ bone resorption marker

BMD↑; PTH↓

Bone resorption↓

Ca absorption↑

Bone density/strength +6-28%

Bone density + strength

OPN +53.29 day3

Bone healing improved