Calcium

BMD +4% / -23.5pp

PTH ↓, Ca absorption ↑

Fractures ↓, BMD ↑

Plaque & remineralization +10%

Sensitivity relief -50%

Caries/erosion reduction -20%

Bone/turnover +BMD

-49% MN damage

Muscle/function +falls↓

BMD↑, pain↓

44% fill

CTX↓37%

Hypertensive risk ↓, BP↓

Birth/preterm benefits, +240g

Heart rhythm/QT improved

BP/AF changes with calcium

Hypocalcemia, QTc +0.03s

GABA release, calcium-dependent

LBM/CSA +4.1kg

Biceps size gain

No effect vastus

Ca/Mg lowers cramps

Ca/Vit D prevents cramps

Pain/function +20-80%

Deposit resorption

Joint-space/BMD +2%

Sleep continuity +TST

Sleep quality modestly

Sleep improved, -1.7

PMS symptoms down

Pain −1.6 VAS

Bloating, mood improved