Body composition

Amino retention +15%

Lean mass +2.5kg

Muscle breakdown ↓

More lean, less fat

+1.5 kg lean

Muscle-building gain

Muscle mass↑, breakdown↓

Fat loss, insulin↑

+lean mass, body weight

-muscle loss, protein breakdown

Reduced proteolysis, better nitrogen balance

+1.5 to +15 g N

Preserved/gained lean mass, weight +3 kg

fat ↓; lean ↑

BMI/body fat ↓

Fat loss/body contour

Skin thickening/firming

↑Lean mass +3.0kg

↓Fat/VAT −93.8g

↑Strength/power +23%

Lean mass ↑

Fat mass ↓

Nitrogen/lean support

Immune/infection, shorter stay

Muscle gain, less loss

Fat loss, better signals

Leaner tissue, +0.4 kg

Protein balance, +38 mg N/kg/d

BMI/body fat ↓

Lean mass ↑

Fat −1.12 kg

Weight −2.26 kg

Waist −6.5 cm

Weight/BMI −1.7 kg

Energy ↑; visceral fat ↓

Body weight ↓ -4.1kg

Resting energy ↑ +18.6%

Weight/BMI ↓3.4kg

Body fat/glucose ↓

Lean mass +3.15 kg

Fat-free mass +2.4%

Fat loss, +TT

Free T, fat↓